Research on the combinatorial optimization of EBs departure interval and vehicle configuration based on uncertain bi-level programming

Based on uncertainty theory, this paper proposed a vehicle scheduling method considering the dynamic departure interval and configuration of electric buses (EBs). An uncertain bi-level programming model (UBPM) is established, which takes total cost passenger travel (CP) as upper EBs (CB) lower. A chance constrained (CCPM) based randomness waiting time interstation running model. With certain confidence level service constraints, goal to minimize travel. Then, an expected value (EVM) fluctuation energy consumption lower Taking number constraint condition, was EBs. Finally, practical bus route taken example verify effectiveness method. The results demonstrated that optimal plan variables can reduce cost. Collaborative optimization consumption, delay,